Uso de cobertura vegetal y agua salina en la producción de lechuga

Daiana Susana Huespe; Juan Alberto Galantini; Cristian Álvarez

doi:10.19137/semiarida.2025(1).55-63

Daiana Susana Huespe National Agricultural Technology Institute , Agencia de Extensión Rural Guatrache https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9229-3641
Juan Alberto Galantini Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas , Universidad Nacional del Sur, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-8605
Cristian Álvarez National Agricultural Technology Institute , Agencia de extensión Rural General Pico, La Pampa https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0491-1500

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2025(1).55-63

Keywords:

mulching, texture, water quality

Abstract

The use of saline water has adverse effects on crop productivity. The objective of this study was to quantify how plant cover (mulching) can modify the adverse effects of saline water on lettuce cultivation in two characteristic soils of the Pampas Semiarid Region. The statistical design was completely randomized a sandy soil and a sandy loam soil were analyzed. The treatments were with plant cover (CCV) and without it (SCV). Irrigation was carried out with water with an electrical conductivity of 1.0 (low salinity); 1.5 and 2.0 (high salinity) dS m^-1. A dose of 100 kg N ha^-1 was applied using a combination of urea and organic fertilizer (40:60). The lettuce crop was evaluated during four consecutive cycles during the years 2020 and 2021, with five repetitions in each cycle. Productivity was determined: total dry matter (MS_T), aboveground (MS_A) and root (MS_R). Accumulated MS_T (MS_TAC), the MS_A/MS_R ratio, water use efficiency (EUA) and growth rate (TC) were calculated. Data from the fourth crop cycle are presented. The study confirms the negative effect of water with high salinity on MS_T in both soils, with significant losses in lettuce productivity. In the sandy soil with 1.0 dS m^-1water and CCV the yield was 1416 kg ha^-1 with losses of 17 % compared to the treatments irrigated with 2.0 dS m^-1 water, while SCV was 420 kg ha^-1 with losses of 100 %. The effect of salinity and mulch on lettuce cultivation depends on soil texture, with the greatest effect on sandy loam soil. The use of residue cover improved EUA by 90 % in sandy soil and by 56 % in sandy loam soil.

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Author Biographies

Daiana Susana Huespe, National Agricultural Technology Institute , Agencia de Extensión Rural Guatrache

Extensionista en la AER Guatraché

Juan Alberto Galantini, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas , Universidad Nacional del Sur, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida

Director o Codirector de becas 18 (4 cont), de tesis de posgrado 27 (10 cont.) y de Investigadores (3). Evaluador o consejero de planes de tesis/tesinas (22). Jurado de tesis (41) y de Investigadores o docentes (4).
Publicación de artículos en revistas científicas con referato de Argentina y del exterior (112), edición/compilación de libros, revistas o actas de reuniones científicas (11), capítulos de libros (28), trabajos en eventos científicos nacionales o en el exterior (358) y en revistas de divulgación (99).

Cristian Álvarez, National Agricultural Technology Institute , Agencia de extensión Rural General Pico, La Pampa

Especialista en manejo de suelo. Extensionista e investigador en INTA. Profesor Universidad Nacional de La Pampa.

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