Evaluation of edafic indicators and aerial biomass in pastures with patch areas in the semi-arid pampean region

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2025(1).45-53

Keywords:

lucerne, lucerne+fescue, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter

Abstract

. In the semi-arid Pampas Region, the spatial heterogeneity observed through patches characterized by lower production and persistence of perennial pastures is increasingly frequent from the second year onwards. The objective was to relate the growth and development of a pure lucerne pasture and another associated with the physical-hydric characteristics of the soil in patch and normal environments. In addition, it is planned to evaluate the effect of the environment on the phosphorus and organic matter content of the soil. Lucerne and lucerne + fescue were planted on a Petrocalcium Paleustol in 2020. In 2023, saturated hydraulic conductivity (CH), bulk density (DA) and total porosity (PT). Organic matter (MO) and extractable phosphorus content (P) were evaluated on the patch and normal area. Biomass production was 41 and 46 % lower under patch compared to the normal situation in A and A+F, respectively in both pastures it was found that the CH and PT measured 6-12 y 12-18 cm was higher in the normal sector, with respect to the patch. The P content in the patchy sector was higher by 59 and 20 % for 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth, respectively, with respect to the normal sector. Regarding the MOT content, the initial value (year 2020) was similar to that measured in the year 2023 in the spot sector for 0-10 cm depth, however in the normal sector the MO content increased by 16 %. In lucerne + fescue, the MO content in the patchy sector in 2023 was also similar to the initial content, but in the normal sector, the increase was 11 %. For the depth of 10-20 cm, the soil with lucerne presented similar MO contents between 2020 and both sectors in 2023. On the other hand, for lucerne + fescue in the patch sector the MO content was significantly lower with respect to the beginning and the sector normal (2023). The soil indicators evaluated in the areas under patch in lucerne and lucerne + fescue presented lower values of CH, PT and MO with respect to normal soil areas, on the other hand, the P content was higher under patch with respect to normal areas, probably due to the lesser extraction of the nutrient over the years.

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Author Biographies

Romina Fernández, National Agricultural Technology Institute , Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía

Ing Agr. Magister, Doctora. Técnica investigadora. Manejo de Suelos

Cristian Álvarez, National Agricultural Technology Institute , Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. La Pampa

Ing Agr. Magister, Doctor. Extensionista. Manejo de Suelos y cultivos

Nanci Kloster, National Agricultural Technology Institute , Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía

Lic en Química. Doctora

Investigación en métodos de laboratorio

Alberto Raúl Quiroga, National Agricultural Technology Institute , Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía

Ing Agr. Magister, Doctor. Investigación en Gestión del agua en secano

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Fernández, R., Belmonte, V., Quiroga, A., Lobartini, C & Noellemeyer, E. (2021). Land-use change affects soil hydro-physical properties in Mollisols of semiarid Central Argentina. Geoderma Regional https://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/xmlui/handle/20.500.12123/9261

Głąb, T. (2014). Effect of soil compaction and N fertilization on soil pore characteristics and physical quality of sandy loam soil under red clover/grass sward. Soil & Tillage Research, 144, 8-19.

Imhoff, S., Fernández, R., Quiroga, A., Noellemeyer, E., Pilatti, M. y de Orellana, J. (2018). Intervalo Hídrico Óptimo: indicador de calidad física de los suelos. En A. Quiroga, R. Fernández y C. Álvarez (Eds.), En Análisis y evaluación de propiedades físico-hídricas de los suelos. Ediciones INTA.

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López, M., & Arrué, J. (1997). Growth, yield and wáter use efficiency of winter barley in response to conservation tillage in a semi-arid region of Spain. Soil & Tillage Research, 44, 35-54.

López, J, Dardanelli, L., Collino, D., Sereno, R. y Racca, R. W. (1997). Efecto del grado de reposo invernal sobre la producción, consumo y eficiencia en el uso del agua en alfalfa cultivada bajo riego. RIA, 28(2), 41-48.

Masle, J. (1998). Growth and stomatal responses of wheat seedlings to spatial and temporal variations in soil strength of bi-layered soils. Journal of Experimental Botany, 49, 1245-1257.

Miretti, M.C. (2011). Influencia de propiedades físico-químicas de un Argiudol del Centro de Santa Fe en la aparición de manchones improductivos de alfalfa [Tesis Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas]. Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina

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Munsell Color (2009). Munsell Soil Color Book. Munsell Color x-rite, Made in the USA.

Panigatti, J.L., Piñeiro, A. y Mosconi, F.P. (1971). Manchones en cultivos de la zona central de Santa Fe. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INTA, 8, 141-154.

Quiroga, A., Funaro, D., Noellemeyer, E., & Peinemann, N. (2006). Barley yield response to soil organic matter and texture in the Pampas of Argentina. Soil & Tillage Research, 90, 63-68.

Quiroga, A., Oderiz, A., Uhaldegaray, M., Alvarez, C., Scherger, E., Fernández, R. y Frasier, I. (2016). Influencia del manejo sobre indicadores físico-hídricos de compactación de suelos. Semiárida, 26, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2016(02).19-26

Romero, L. A, Giorgi R. E, Tosolini R. A, Sapino V.I., Giailevra D. C., Zapatero D. A. y Comerón E. A. (2000). Pérdidas en pasturas de alfalfa asociadas a encharcamientos. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, 20, 221-222.

Walkley, A., & Black, A., (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29-37

Alfalfa en parches de mayor y menor densidad. Fotografía: R. Fernández

Published

2024-12-23

How to Cite

Fernández, R., Álvarez, C., Kloster, N., & Quiroga, A. R. (2024). Evaluation of edafic indicators and aerial biomass in pastures with patch areas in the semi-arid pampean region. Semiárida, 35(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.19137/semiarida.2025(1).45-53

Issue

Section

Artículos Científicos y Técnicos