Microplásticos en materia fecal de rumiantes en Ecuador

  • Iván Roberto González Puetate Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil
  • Galo Ernesto Martínez Cepeda Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0169-7746
  • Pablo Torres Lasso Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1247-3919
  • Katherine Natalia Chávez Toledo Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil
  • Gabriela Guevara Enrique Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0375-0758

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19137/cienvet202426203

Palabras clave:

Heces,, Partículas de Plástico, Flotación, Contaminación, Fauna

Resumen

El presente estudio proporciona evidencia de la presencia de microplásticos en la materia fecal de bovinos, ovinos y caprinos de producción en el Ecuador como un indicador relevante en la comprensión de los procesos de fragmentación, mecanismos de biodistribución y posibles efectos de la contaminación en la cadena agroalimentaria. Un total de 300 muestras de heces de rumiantes se analizaron a través de una investigación de campo, observacional y transversal. Utilizando la técnica de flotación de solución salina saturada, se encontró que el 75,67% de las muestras estaban contaminadas con microplásticos. Los análisis estadísticos, que incluyeron tablas de distribución de frecuencia, prueba de Chi Cuadrado de Pearson, prueba Z y Odds Ratio utilizando el software SPSS versión 26, demostraron que el tipo de alimentación es un factor significativo en la presencia de microplásticos en las heces de los rumiantes. Además, se observó un aumento del 87% en la reducción de microplásticos en la materia fecal de rumiantes en sistemas de pastoreo en relación con aquellos que recibieron alimentación suplementaria balanceada. Finalmente, se encontró un incremento del 85,3% en la presencia de microplásticos en heces de bovinos que pastaban cerca de vías. Estos resultados señalan la importancia de considerar el tipo de alimentación, el entorno de pastoreo al abordar la contaminación por microplásticos en la cadena agroalimentaria y sus posibles implicaciones en sistemas de una salud.

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Biografía del autor/a

Iván Roberto González Puetate, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil

MVZ - MBA - Msc. producción y sanidad animal- especialista en producción de animales menores. Docente en la Universidad de Guayaquil (UG)

Galo Ernesto Martínez Cepeda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil

Docente Investigador acreditado desde el 2016 por la  Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)  de formación Medico Veterinario Zootecnista con una formación de posgrado de especialidad, maestría y doctorado enfocada en la rama del diagnóstico veterinario, destacando las áreas de la microbiología y anatomopatología. Participe de varias investigaciones con grupos de investigación nacionales y extranjeras.

Pablo Torres Lasso, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil

Actividad académico - científica: Docente de las cátedras de Epidemiología y Salud Pública Veterinaria en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Guayaquil, línea de interés en investigación en epidemiología de las enfermedades infecciosas.

Katherine Natalia Chávez Toledo, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil

 

Médica Veterinaria Zootecnista (Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil) y Máster en Producción y Sanidad Animal (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y Universidad Complutense de Madrid). Práctica profesional: Clínica de especies menores. Docente Universitaria de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria. Investigadora del Proyecto FCI 090-2023 con el Tema: Evaluación de la presencia de microplásticos en especies de producción pecuaria de la provincia del Guayas, Ecuador. Publicación en revistas internacionales

Gabriela Guevara Enrique, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Guayaquil

Como investigadora con más de 14 años de experiencia en la enseñanza en distintos niveles educativos, mi enfoque se dirige hacia la educación superior. Mis investigaciones, llevadas a cabo tanto en español como en inglés, abordan temas contemporáneos con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad académica. Implemento metodologías innovadoras para contribuir al progreso y perfeccionamiento continuo del sistema educativo superior.

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Funding: Universidad de Guayaquil, Ecuador - Resolution No. R-CSU-UG-SE34-313-14-09- 2023, FCI project 090: Evaluation of the presence of microplastics in livestock production species in the province of Guayas, Ecuador.

Conflict of interest: the authors declare the absence of conflicts of interest in writing in the submitted work while completing the conflict-of-interest declaration form available from the publisher.

Author contributions: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by: Gonzalez-Puetate Ivan, Martinez-Cepeda Galo, Torres-Lasso Pablo, Chavez Katherine, and Guevara Gabriela.

The first draft of the research paper was written by González-Puetate Iván and all authors commented on earlier versions of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Publicado

2024-07-12

Cómo citar

González Puetate, I. R., Martínez Cepeda, G. E., Torres Lasso, P., Chávez Toledo, K. N., & Guevara Enrique, G. (2024). Microplásticos en materia fecal de rumiantes en Ecuador. Ciencia Veterinaria, 26(2), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.19137/cienvet202426203

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Artículos de Investigación