Microplásticos en materia fecal de rumiantes en Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19137/cienvet202426203Palabras clave:
Heces,, Partículas de Plástico, Flotación, Contaminación, FaunaResumen
El presente estudio proporciona evidencia de la presencia de microplásticos en la materia fecal de bovinos, ovinos y caprinos de producción en el Ecuador como un indicador relevante en la comprensión de los procesos de fragmentación, mecanismos de biodistribución y posibles efectos de la contaminación en la cadena agroalimentaria. Un total de 300 muestras de heces de rumiantes se analizaron a través de una investigación de campo, observacional y transversal. Utilizando la técnica de flotación de solución salina saturada, se encontró que el 75,67% de las muestras estaban contaminadas con microplásticos. Los análisis estadísticos, que incluyeron tablas de distribución de frecuencia, prueba de Chi Cuadrado de Pearson, prueba Z y Odds Ratio utilizando el software SPSS versión 26, demostraron que el tipo de alimentación es un factor significativo en la presencia de microplásticos en las heces de los rumiantes. Además, se observó un aumento del 87% en la reducción de microplásticos en la materia fecal de rumiantes en sistemas de pastoreo en relación con aquellos que recibieron alimentación suplementaria balanceada. Finalmente, se encontró un incremento del 85,3% en la presencia de microplásticos en heces de bovinos que pastaban cerca de vías. Estos resultados señalan la importancia de considerar el tipo de alimentación, el entorno de pastoreo al abordar la contaminación por microplásticos en la cadena agroalimentaria y sus posibles implicaciones en sistemas de una salud.
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Funding: Universidad de Guayaquil, Ecuador - Resolution No. R-CSU-UG-SE34-313-14-09- 2023, FCI project 090: Evaluation of the presence of microplastics in livestock production species in the province of Guayas, Ecuador.
Conflict of interest: the authors declare the absence of conflicts of interest in writing in the submitted work while completing the conflict-of-interest declaration form available from the publisher.
Author contributions: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by: Gonzalez-Puetate Ivan, Martinez-Cepeda Galo, Torres-Lasso Pablo, Chavez Katherine, and Guevara Gabriela.
The first draft of the research paper was written by González-Puetate Iván and all authors commented on earlier versions of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Iván Roberto González Puetate, Galo Ernesto Martínez Cepeda, Pablo Torres Lasso, Katherine Natalia Chávez Toledo, Gabriela Guevara Enrique
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