Continuous publication of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. It publishes original and unpublished works of a scientific and academic nature referring to the area of ​​knowledge of veterinary medical sciences in its broadest aspects. DOI: 10.19137/cienvet
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Impact of Paratuberculosis on Cattle Production: Comprehensive Strategies for its Control and Prevention.
The study addresses bovine paratuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, which primarily affects ruminants and has a significant economic impact on milk and meat production. The objective of the research is to analyse current strategies for diagnosis, control, and prevention by identifying their limitations and areas for improvement. To achieve this, a historical literature review was conducted on publications from 2019 to 2024 concerning the disease in cattle. The results reveal that diagnosis is complex due to the subclinical nature of the disease and the pathogen’s resistance. The most commonly used tests are ELISA, PCR, and faecal culture, with PCR standing out for its higher sensitivity. However, no definitive diagnostic test is currently available. Regarding control, the importance of implementing biosecurity measures, monitoring high-risk animals, and isolating infected cows is emphasised. In conclusion, controlling paratuberculosis requires a comprehensive approach that combines early diagnosis, effective biosecurity, and appropriate management. Despite advancements, eradication remains a challenge due to bacterial resistance and the limitations of available tools, highlighting the need for continued research into more effective diagnostic methods and vaccines.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Mauricio Balseca Artos, Orestes La O-León https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of the presence of Eimeria spp in peripartum females on the parasitic infection rate of alpaca pups (Vicugna pacos)
The aim was set to determine the effect of the presence of Eimeria spp. in peripartum females on the parasitic infection rate in alpaca babies. The study was conducted at the Centro de Investigación de Camélidos Sud Americanos "La Raya" in Marangani, Cusco, Peru. The entirety of 168 alpaca samples were collected. These were divided into 5 groups: 1) n=30 prepartum females, 2) n=20 newly postpartum females, 3) n=30 mothers at 15-21 days postpartum, 4) n=30 mothers at 30-60 days postpartum, 5) n=30 babies from 15 to 21 days, and 6) n=28 babies from 30 to 60 days old. Coproparasitological test of flotation concentration and the modified McMaster technique were performed in the Veterinary Medicine Parasitology Laboratory of UNSAACSicuani. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. As results, E. punoensis is identified as the predominant species in peripartum females, being present in up to 20% of newly postpartum alpacas. The number of females infected with Eimeria spp. remains stable during pre- and postpartum periods, showing no significant differences between peripartum female groups (p≥0.05). In contrast, 57.14% and 25% of the babies were infected with E. lamae and E. macusaniensis, respectively. Alpaca babies aged 30 to 60 days have been the most affected with pathogenic Eimeria (71.47%) in contrast to their mothers (p<0.05). It was concluded, that there was no clear relationship between the Eimeria species infecting mothers and their babies. The immunoperipartum effect in female alpacas against Eimeria spp. infection could not be demonstrated either.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Sánchez Herencia, Wendy Yurema Arapa Cardenas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria spp, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella spp on food contact surfaces
A microbiological study was conducted on surfaces used in the production of ready-to-eat foods in high-production dining halls. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity to produce and develop biofilms on surfaces used daily (stainless steel, high-density, high-molecular-weight polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene) incubated at different temperatures (3, 10, and 25°C). The following steps were performed: a) Isolation and identification of strains (pathogenic, opportunistic pathogen, and indicator); b) in vitro biofilm production; c) evaluation of development time; and d) finally, a determination of whether there were significant differences between the different strains. The five strains used (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria spp., Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, and Salmonella spp.) produced biofilms on all surfaces and at all incubation temperatures. At 3°C, ​​Listeria spp and P. aeruginosa showed no statistically significant differences (p<0.05). For E. coli, E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp, significant differences were observed for E. coli p<0.05. At 10°C the five strains showed significant differences in development p<0.001. At 25°C all strains showed significant differences p<0.001. In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that the absence or failure in the cleaning procedure generates a high risk of producing Foodborne Illnesses in consumers
Copyright (c) 2025 Julio Alberto Copes, Karina Edith Pellicer , Cecilia Belén Schiaffino, Victoria Brusa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impacto productivo y económico de los eventos de mastitis en un sistema de ordeñe voluntario en Argentina
The aim of this study was to estimate the productive impact in the days before and after the onset of a mastitis event (ME), the electrical conductivity (EC) in the infected quarter during the event, and the economic cost it generates in a voluntary milking system (VMS) in Argentina. Data from 20 healthy cows and 20 cows that experienced ME (GM) on a VMS farm (Rafaela, Santa Fe) were used. Individual milk production (daily, per milking, and per quarter) and EC per quarter were evaluated at 10, -5, 0, 5, and 10 days from the onset of each ME. Milk production over a closed 305-day lactation period, the number of daily milkings, and the direct economic losses from ME were analyzed, considering the cost of treatments and milk loss. A total of 30 MEs were recorded. Production was lower in GM on days 0 and 5 (p< 0.05). Infected quarters showed lower production (p< 0.02) and higher EC (p< 0.01) in GM on all days. The production and EC of non-infected quarters, the number of daily milkings, and milk production over the closed lactation period were similar between groups (p> 0.05). Direct economic losses were approximately USD 116 per ME. Further adjustments in the mastitis detection index are required to better anticipate the diagnosis of MEs in VMS, thereby improving system efficiency and profitability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pablo Esteban Viretto, Gabriela Marcela Martínez, Georgina Frossasco, Víctor Humberto Súarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Forage suitability on native and introduced estival grasses during the year of implantation in the central semi-arid region
The objective of this study was to evaluate the aboveground biomass production and nutritional quality of native and introduced summer forage species used in the semiarid Pampas region for improving forage supply and restoring degraded grasslands. The native summer grasses evaluated were two populations of Leptochloa crinita and one of Pappophorum caespitosum. The introduced grasses were: Eragrostis curvula, Panicum coloratum, Eragrostis superba, Tetrachne dregei, and Digitaria eriantha. The experimental design followed a completely randomized block design with three replicates, using 1.5 m² plots per species, each containing 12 plants spaced 50 cm apart. Differences between treatments were assessed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test for mean comparison (p<0.05). Biomass and nutritional quality were assessed in autumn and spring. Introduced species showed higher biomass production during both seasons (autumn and spring) in the first year. Similarly, forage quality was higher in the introduced species, with P. coloratum standing out in particular. Native species, P. caespitosum and L. crinita, generally had higher fiber content and lower digestibility, although their protein content was high in spring. Understanding the biomass production and quality of native species compared to introduced ones is crucial for making informed decisions regarding the selection and use of forage resources in the central semiarid region of Argentina.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo Daniel Ernst, María de los Ángeles Ruiz, Martin Ezequiel Gonzalez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Diseño de un protocolo para la medición del Bienestar Animal en caprinos lecheros
El propósito del presente estudio, fue diseñar un protocolo para evaluar la posibilidad de ejecución de los criterios de bienestar animal propuestos para la confección de un protocolo que califique el bienestar de los caprinos en las explotaciones lecheras. Los registros se realizaron en dos establecimientos de la provincia de Salta, dedicados a la producción de leche de cabra, ubicados uno bajo manejo extensivo (E) y ordeñe manual en la región de valles y quebradas áridas y el otro con manejo semiextensivo (SE) y ordeñe mecánico en la región de valles templados. La evaluación estuvo dividida en dos partes, una basada en la observación de las instalaciones, manejo, comportamiento de los animales y en la relación humano-animal y la segunda en la inspección individual de un número representativo de cabras en producción, registrando la prevalencia en la condición corporal, grado de limpieza, aspectos sanitarios y el estado de las pezuñas y de descorne. Cada parámetro recibió una puntuación, donde se enfatizó aquellos parámetros productivos e índices animales observados directamente por los evaluadores por sobre los registrados a través del relato del productor. Los puntajes otorgados a los indicadores propuestos demostraron ser eficientes en medir lo que experimentan las cabras y confiables ya que califican mayormente lo que el observador ve directamente y viables ya que el tiempo de realización menor a 2 horas y los costos fueron bajos. Sin embargo, necesitan ser validados en un número de explotaciones caprinas más numeroso, con características diferentes y durante épocas climáticas más adversas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Humberto Suarez, Gabriela Martinez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Retrospective assessment of animal welfare in cashmere-wearing goats by determining fiber cortisol
Hair cortisol is useful as a biomarker for assessing stress, as the fiber can accumulate it through uptake into hair follicle cells from the blood and through local production. Goats with a double-coated fleece have coarse fibers that grow in summer–autumn and partially and asynchronously shed in spring; and fine fibers that grow until April–May, shed between June–September, and molt visibly in spring. Its collection by combing is repetitive, difficult to optimize, and questioned from an animal welfare standpoint. Shearing includes the entire fleece and exposes the animal to the environment. The aim was to evaluate the usefulness of cortisol measurement in fiber as a retrospective indicator of animal stress, and to compare the levels obtained from the average post-shearing population with those from non-invasive handling. Creole goats under semi-extensive conditions in La Pampa were shorn in mid-November, sampled by trichotomy in February of the following year, and in a subsequent cycle in May. Fiber cortisol was determined by an automated method by comparing the base and tip of the fiber with the post-shearing population data. Cortisol levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at the base of the fiber compared to the post-shearing mean, while no differences were found at the tip. This suggests that the stage following shearing involved higher stress compared to a later stage with lower physiological load. This difference supports the use of alternative fiber collection methods in a non-invasive way, promoting animal welfare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dante Alberto Cerutti, Pedro Vicente Palermo, María Flavia Castillo, Alejandro Prieto, Eduardo Narciso Frank, Melina Castillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The wildlife of the Ixodes af inis (Acari: Ixodidae) complex and its adaptation to rural areas of Mexico
Ixodes affinis is a tick that belongs to a group that includes four species which are distributed from northern Argentina to Canada. A single species, Ixodes keieransi, has been reported in six states of Mexico republic, feeding on mammals and birds, mainly of wild habits. This species of tick has been incriminated as a potential vector of Borreli burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, between wild and domestic animals. Despite being reported mainly in wild animals; it can parasitize domestic animals such as dogs when they are taken to the jungle or forests for hunting or recreational activities. This document shows the morphological description of the tick, hosts, life cycle, ecology, distribution, and adaptation of this wild species into rural areas of Mexico.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Monitoreo del crecimiento mensual de largo de mecha en ovinos Texel: información preliminar para el desarrollo de un indicador del bienestar animal en la provincia de La Pampa
This study focuses on the assessment of monthly sheep wool growth, as a preliminary step to using wool cortisol concentration as a stress indicator. This method, adapted from human techniques, can provide a retrospective record of stressful events in animals, promoting animal welfare practices in sheep production. The research involved 46 Texel sheep, individually identified with electronic tags and tattoos, located in the province of La Pampa. For eight months, wool growth was recorded using a Pie Rtw stainless steel ruler and an electronic tag reader for animal identification. The data collected show an average growth of 1.21 cm per month, with variability attributed to individual and environmental factors. Data analysis, based on a regression model, indicated a significant fit with an R² value of 81%, confirming the consistency of the linear model. Preliminary results suggest that regular measurements of wool growth can be used to monitor animal welfare. The correlation between fibre growth and potential stressful events provides a basis for future research looking to implement wool cortisol measurement as a biomarker of stress in sheep. This approach not only has significant implications for animal welfare, but also supports sustainable practices in wool production, aligning with increasing consumer demands for ethical and high-quality products
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Bettina Gómez, Melina Castillo, Dante Alberto Cerutti, Pedro Vicente Palermo, Melisa Daniela Welch, Julio Enrique Torres, Gonzalo Darío Moreno, Lautaro Avila, Lucas Alfredo Insaurralde, Néstor Hernán Guizzardi , Jose Luis Garat, Francisco Belaustegui, Maria Flavia Castillo, Michel Víctor Huber Hick, Eduardo Narciso Frank, Bibiana Raquel Fabre, Diego Javier González, Federico Fortuna, Juan José Jamardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminant raised in the Northwestern of Argentina
The aim of this study was to describe the etiology and abundance of goat and sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in different ecological regions of Northwest of Argentina (ANW). GIN was recovered from samples collected from necropsies carried out for different diagnostic cases (n= 117) from the following regions: chaqueña semi-arid, temperate valleys and humid forest, arid canyon and valleys and Puna of the provinces of Salta, Jujuy and Santiago del Estero. From abomasum and intestines samples GIN were recovered and counted. GIN species count differences were processed by non-parametric variance analysis and chi square. Recovered NGI and their respective prevalences were Haemonchus contortus (98,3%), Teladorsagia circumcincta (53,0%), Trichostrongylus axei (38,5%) Trichostrongylus colubriformis (85,5%), Trichuris spp. (41,9%), Oesophagostomum spp. (17,1%), Nematodirus spathiger (13,7%), Strongyloides papillosus (5,5%) and Cooperia curticei (1,1%). Burdens of H. contortus, T. colubriformis and total NGI recovered from the temperate valleys and humid forest ecoregions were higher (p<0.0001) than those recovered in the rest of the ecoregions. H. contortus, T. colubriformis and total NGI burdens recovered during summer and autumn were higher (p<0.0001) than those recovered from animals necropsied in winter and spring. It is concluded that H. contortus and T. colubriformis are the species of greatest productive importance for goats and sheep in ANW, with the temperate valleys and humid forest and summer-autumn period being the most favorable for NGI involving a greater risk of productive losses
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Humberto Suarez, Leandro Hipólito Olmos, Luis Adrián Coque Caro, Juan Pablo Díaz, Gabriela Marcela Martínez, Juan Francisco Micheloud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Liver integrity and functionality in a population of goat livestock guardian dogs living in the dry forest of southern Ecuador
In the seasonal dry forest ecosystem of southern Ecuador, goat breed is extensively carried out and protected by native dogs known as "Ganachos," whose primary function is to guard the livestock from potential wild predators. Evaluating their liver health is essential to ensure the well-being of these dogs raised under specific conditions. The study included 60 dogs (21 ♀, 39 ♂), considering in this analysis 2 enzymes associated with liver integrity: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and 8 analytes related to liver funtion: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), Albumin, Total proteins (TP), Urea, Cholesterol, Bilirubin and Glucose. Taking as independent variables sex, age (puppies, adults and geriatric), size only in adults and geriatric (small: <40 cm, medium: 41-50 cm and large: >51 cm) and habitat location (low: 0-500 masl, medium: 500-1000 masl and high: >1000 masl). All parameters were within the reference ranges except bilirubin, whose value was above the same, enzymes such as GGT, ALP, Urea and Bilirubin showed high variability and when analyzing the variables considered in the study, a significant statistical difference was determined in age (albumin, PT and cholesterol) and in habitat location (ALT and bilirubin). In conclusion, the poor handling and feeding conditions of these animals negatively affect their liver integrity. Factors such as low-protein diets, dehydration, prolonged fasting, liver damage, and cholestasis associated with hemoparasites present in the ecosystem contribute to the deterioration of their health, well-being, and life expectancy
Copyright (c) 2025 Edgar Aguirre, Ginger Aragundi, Galo Pérez, Bedia Banegas, Melania uchuari, Ramiro Armijos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Search for E. coli O157 and non-O157 in sausages and blood sausages produced and/or marketed in the Northwest of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
A search was conducted for toxigenic E. coli O157 and non-O157 strains present in samples of sausage and blood sausage produced and/or sold in the city of Junín, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The outlets where these products were sold in the city were identified, and representative samples of these products sold in different neighborhoods were taken. The samples were analyzed using the selective differential enrichment and isolation methodology proposed in USDA/FSIS: 2010. In the isolated strains, the presence of the stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 genes corresponding to the toxins produced by STEC strains and the gene exclusive to serogroup O157, respectively, was confirmed by PCR. E. coli strains with at least one of the investigated genes were detected in 17 of the 25 fresh sausages samples analyzed (65%). In the case of blood sausage samples, 5 of the 25 samples studied (20%) had E coli strains with at least one of the aforementioned genes
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo José García, Daniela Flavia Olivera, Fernanda Josefina Coll Cárdenas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Microbiological risk control in the production of ready-to-eat vegetables
To ensure the safety of the salads served in the University Cafeteria menus, the microbiological quality of the raw materials was studied. Two hundred samples (80 lettuce, 40 tomato, 40 cabbage, and 40 carrot) were analyzed following the official methodology (Mesophilic Aerobic Count, MPN/g of Escherichia coli, detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli STEC O157, E. coli STEC non-O157, and Shigella spp.). Three strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated (one from cabbage and two from lettuce), two of L. seeligeri, five of L. welshimeri, and one strain of L. ivanovii. One strain of Salmonella and one strain of Shigella flexneri, both from lettuce. Two strains of E. coli O157 strains were isolated from cabbage, one stx-1 positive, and the other stx-2 positive. Three non-O157 STEC were isolated: a stx-2 positive O45 strain from carrots, and stx-1 and stx-2 positive O145 strain from carrots, and an stx-2 positive serotype O45 strain from lettuce. Mesophilic counts ranged from 105 to 108 CFU/g for cabbage and carrots, 102 to 107 CFU/g for tomatoes, and from 103 to 107 CFU/g for lettuce. E. coli counts exceeded the permissible limits in 14 samples. These data highlight the need for control upon receipt of raw materials, planning a sanitation strategy, and subsequent safety control
Copyright (c) 2025 Karina Edith Pellicer, Julio Alberto Copes, Cecilia Belén Schiaffino , Sofía Belén Vallejos, Ayelén Amelia Hugo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Canine Urethral Obstruction Secondary to the Migration of an Air Rifle Projectile. A Case Report
Urinary obstruction in canines, typically associated with urolithiasis, can have unusual etiologies, such as the migration of foreign bodies. We present the case of a castrated male canine with recurrent urethral obstruction. Plain and contrast radiographic studies revealed the presence of an intraurethral projectile. Successful retrograde hydropropulsion was performed, followed by surgical removal of the foreign body. It is presumed that the delayed migration of the projectile was due to the combination of body movements and progressive tissue erosion, allowing its displacement to the urethra. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical etiologies in cases of recurrent urinary obstruction and emphasizes the diagnostic value of imaging. Retrograde hydropropulsion proved to be an effective tool in the initial resolution of the condition. The similarity to cases described in human medicine reinforces the need to include the migration of foreign bodies as a differential diagnosis in patients with urinary obstruction, contributing to the knowledge of infrequent causes in veterinary medicine.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Manuel Guevara, Juan Osvaldo Gondell, Juan Ramón JGondell, Agustín Inchasuti, Gastón Finucci Curi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Tratamiento con nanoestructuras en un perro con Alopecia X
Alopecia X is considered a non-inflammatory pathology, without systemic signs, characterized by the arrest of the hair cycle, common in the Pomeranians, but may occur in other breeds. A healthy, neutered Pomeranian female was treated with hair cycle arrest confirmed for alopecia X and skin dryness. The treatment consisted of a hair spray formulation composed of physiologically balanced growth factors in an alcohol-free aqueous-based solution, with the purpose of stimulating the hair follicle and consequently hair growth. Another composition of moisturizing and nourishing active ingredients was selected for the treatment of dry skin. This promising therapy is easy to administer, has no side effects and is low cost, emerging as an alternative to therapies that cause skin trauma and administration of systemic medications, often without success.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kelli Gavazzoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Paraprostatic cysts and secondary perineal hernia in an 8-year-old dog. Diagnosis and medical-surgical management
This report presents the case of a young adult male canine, not neutered, exhibiting clinical signs consistent with a perineal hernia (tenesmus, constipation, deformity of the perineum, etc.). The patient underwent abdominal ultrasonography, which revealed large cystic structures associated with the prostate gland, causing displacement of abdominal organs. Prior to surgical intervention, a tomographic evaluation was performed to delineate the affected structures with greater precision. During the surgical procedure, the cystic lesions were addressed, with omentalization of the residual tissue. Additionally, colopexy and cystopexy were performed without the need for pelvic diaphragm repair. A negative culture was obtained, and histopathology was consistent with a cystic structure. The recovery was uneventful up to the date of this report, exceeding 12 months. This report aims to highlight the importance of preoperative imaging modalities, their complementary role, and the relevance of surgical techniques such as prostatic omentalization, combined with colopexy and cystopexy, for a comprehensive and effective management of such cases
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Manuel Guevara, Gastón Finucci Curi, Leonardo Darío Madriaga , Aldana Laura Tommei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Parámetros cardiológicos en caninos domésticos sanos asociados a sexo, edad y talla
The objective was to describe cardiological parameters in healthy canines and associate them with constitutive variables (age, sex and size). 178 animals were selected, age range 6.5 ±3.7 years, 81 males and 97 females, average weight 19.8 kg ±11.3 and average body condition 2.9 ±0.3. The sample was divided into 12 groups according to age (< 8 and > 8 years), sex (males and females) and size (< 12 kg, between 12 kg and 25 kg and > 25 kg). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), electrocardiographic, radiological and echocardiographic evaluation were determined in each canine. PAS had a mean of 146 mmHg ±20 mmHg, with no differences associated with sex/age/height. There were differences, for height, in P wave time and R deflection amplitude, the group < 12 kg presented 0.04 sec and 1.9 mv, between 12-25 kg 0.046 sec and 2.4 mv and > 25 kg 0.052 sec and 3.0 mv, respectively. The vertebral heart score (VHS) was 9.7 ±0.6, minimum 8.0 and maximum 11.2. The > 25 kg group showed higher VHS than other groups, with average values ​​greater than 10. The shortening, thickening and ejection fraction were 33% ±6%, 31% ±8% and 56% ±8%, respectively. No differences were evident in association with sex/age/height. The separation distance from point E to the septum had a maximum value of 7.1 mm; with gradual increase in relation to weight. The aorta/left atrium ratio had a mean of 1.06 ±0.12, with a maximum value of 1.26, showing no differences in relation to sex/age/height.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alberto Ramón Meder, María Carolina Miguel, Fernando Javier Rio, Natalia Cazaux, Pablo Guillermo Vaquero, Cintia Calvo, Marisa Etel Gimenez, Lourdes Viqueira Sánchez, Mariela Ayelen Mondino, Poblete Gabriela, Paula Lezcano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The c-MYC gene in canines: A key regulator in tumor pathogenesis and a potential therapeutic target
The c-MYC oncogene is emerging as a key regulator in the pathogenesis of canine tumors and is established as a priority therapeutic target. This gene is vital for cellular homeostasis, being involved in processes such as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Its deregulation, frequently due to gene amplification or chromosomal rearrangements, has been associated with various canine neoplasias: transmissible venereal tumor TVT, mammary tumors, osteosarcomas, and prostate and ocular carcinomas. In the case of TVT, the insertion of LINE-1 elements in c-MYC highlights it as a relevant diagnostic marker. Abnormal c-MYC expression is associated with aggressiveness and rapid tumor progression, consolidating its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Although direct c-MYC inhibition presents technical challenges, current strategies seek to modulate its activity by inhibiting upstream signaling pathways or modifying its protein interactions. These advances could significantly improve the treatment of canine neoplasia. In comparative oncology, canine models are valuable for studying human tumor biology due to pathological similarities and spontaneous tumors. Analysis of c-MYC offers a platform for investigating shared oncogenic mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic interventions before their application in human medicine. Thus, the study of c-MYC is crucial in cancer research in both veterinary and human medicine
Copyright (c) 2025 Arnulfo Villanueva Castillo, Ruby Sandy Moreno Mejía, Carlos Gerardo Castillo Sosa , Cesar Feliciano Pastelín Rojas , Hermilo Lucio Castillo, Fatima Matamoros González , Alexis Cruz Espinosa , Arturo Órnelas Luna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0