Continuous publication of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. It publishes original and unpublished works of a scientific and academic nature referring to the area of ​​knowledge of veterinary medical sciences in its broadest aspects. DOI: 10.19137/cienvet
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Apical aneurysm of the feline left ventricle. Literature review based on a series of 17 cases
Left mid-ventricular obstruction (LMVO) is a sparsely documented entity in veterinary medicine. In human medicine, it is associated with the development of apical aneurysms (AA) due to flow entrapment and high apical systolic pressure. The objective of this study is to describe the correlation between echocardiographic and anatomopathological findings in a series of 17 felines with LMVO and AA. Seventeen felines (aged 8–15 years; 55% male and 45% female) diagnosed with LMVO and AA between 2015 and 2024 were evaluated. Fourteen patients were diagnosed pre-mortem via Doppler echocardiography, and three post-mortem. Seven necropsies were performed with histopathological studies (H&E and Masson's Trichrome) of the ventricular wall and the left anterior descending artery. LMVO was caused by myocardial hypertrophy, fibromuscular bands/membranes, or excess false tendons. All patients were normotensive and presented no outflow tract obstruction. Color Doppler detected mid-ventricular turbulent flow in 100% of the live cases. Histopathology revealed fibrosis in the aneurysm wall without evidence of obstructive coronary disease, suggesting a hemodynamic etiology. AAs associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showed greater size and dense fibrosis compared to other causes of obstruction. The association between LMVO and the development of AA in felines is confirmed. The absence of coronary lesions reinforces the theory of flow entrapment as a mechanical cause of myocardial injury. This represents the largest case series reported to date, constituting a significant contribution to feline and comparative cardiology
Copyright (c) 2026 Guillermo Claudio Belerenián, Pablo Alejandro Donati, Victor Castillo, Cristian Daniel Rodriguez, Gustavo Abuin, Juan Manuel Guevara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Viability and fertility of hydatid cysts in cattle in the Province of La Pampa and evaluation of an alternative for the production of adult Echinococcus granulosus
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), or hydatidosis, is a parasitic zoonosis endemic to Argentina in regions where social, cultural, and environmental conditions create an epidemiological environment that favors the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus. In the Province of La Pampa, there are reports of high prevalence in cattle, although there are no updated studies on prevalence and the risk factors that could lead to transmission to humans, especially in western La Pampa, a region historically with a higher prevalence. A current limitation in CE diagnosis is the lack of specific diagnostic systems in dogs, due to limitations in the production of antigens and antisera. The objective of this research was to identify hydatid cysts through macroscopic diagnosis in slaughterhouses and to evaluate an alternative for the production of adult Echinococcus granulosus in an animal with facility for the production of adult parasites from the inoculation of Merions with scolices obtained from fertile hydatid cysts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudio Calvo, Facundo Matías De Marco Trebin, Pilar Meglia, Cecilia Schiaffino, Ana Inés Portu, Marcos Adrián Moreno, Leonardo Molina, Franco Lucero Arteaga, Ramiro Portillo, Laura Crivelli, Tamara Cornejo, Natalia Cazaux, Guillermina Bilbao, Florencia D'Francisco, Cecilia Lapuyade, Mónica Boeris, Edmundo Juan Larrieu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Isolation and characterization of Brucella abortus biovar1 in aborted foetuses from cattle herds in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
During 2025, the Azul Laboratory received a total of 68 aborted bovine foetuses from different herds in the Province of Buenos Aires for etiological diagnosis. In 7 of them, originated from the districts of Alvear, Lamadrid, Benito Juárez, Ayacucho, and Tapalqué, Brucella spp. was detected and isolated from abomasal fluid and lung samples. Initial detection was performed using direct immunofluorescence and Stamp staining, followed by culture on selective media. The isolates were sent to the Brucellosis Department of SENASA, where they were confirmed by biochemical tests and multiplex PCR as belonging to Brucella abortus biovar 1 field strains, ruling out the involvement of the vaccine strains S19 and RB51. These findings demonstrate the active circulation of B. abortus in breeding herds in the Pampas region, despite the implementation of the National Control and Eradication Plan
Copyright (c) 2026 Ariel Koval, Martín Iriarte, Sofía Fanti, Mariana Cillero, Vanesa Collova, Cristina Franco, Luciano Coppola, Marcos Fabeiro, Sebastian Elena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Leptospires recovered from surface waters of the northeast of La Pampa province
Leptospirosis is zoonotic bacterial disease with worldwide distribution, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The incidence of the disease is higher in warm, humid climates, and seasonal outbreaks are frequent after floods. Domestic and wild animals act as reservoirs and shed leptospires in their urine, contaminating the environment. The association between contact with ambient water and the risk of Leptospira infection in temperate climates remains is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospires in environmental water samples from the northeastern region of La Pampa province through isolation by culture followed by genospecies identification using molecular biology techniques. Sampling was carried out after rainfall events, during the period September 2021–March 2025, during months with very low precipitation, 86 water samples from storm drains and wetlands were processed. Spirochetes were isolated from 10.5% (n=9) of the samples. None of the recovered strains carried the lipL32 gene, a well-established marker of pathogenic species. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene determined the following genomospecies: Leptospira ellinghausenii/Leptospira yanagawae/Leptospira meyeri (n=5), Leptospira idonii (n=2), Leptospira vanthielii (n=1), and Leptospira fainei (n=1). All isolates belonged to the saprophytic clade, except L. fainei, which is classified as belonging to the subclade P2 (intermediate group). The use of next-generation molecular approaches, together with serovar determination, is required for the accurate identification of spirochetes isolated from surface waters and for assessing their potential risk to human and animal health
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Tortone, Andrea Belen Schenheiter, Ana Inés Portu, Marisa Etel Giménez, Franco Exequiel Lucero Arteaga, María Lorena Marengo, Lorena Fernandez, Paula Lorena Martin, Delia Susana Oriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Population Dynamics, Breeding Success, and Conservation Implications of Crocodylus palustris in Captive and Semi-Natural Systems across India
The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN and protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, functions as a keystone wetland predator across the Indian subcontinent. A comprehensive analysis of 2024 Central Zoo Authority (CZA) records from 45 facilities across 12 Indian states (n = 1,187 individuals) revealed an average annual captive population growth of 18.5%, driven primarily by inter-facility transfers rather than natality (78% transfer contribution). Overall mortality was 2.53%, with juveniles (<2 years) accounting for 65% of all deaths, and captive populations exhibited persistent male-biased sex ratios (1.14:1 M:F) with 12.4% unsexed individuals. Facilities employing naturalistic enclosure designs demonstrated significantly higher hatching success than standard concrete enclosures (25.1% vs. 11.6%; F = 6.82, p = 0.02), attributable to thermal gradients (28–34°C), sandy nesting substrates, and seasonal hydrological variation essential for oviposition and temperature-dependent sex determination. Because temperature-dependent sex determination is conserved across multiple reptilian taxa in South and Southeast Asia, these findings have broader regional relevance beyond C. palustris. Evidence-based recommendations include standardized genetic sex determination protocols, ecological enclosure redesign, improved juvenile rearing systems, and integrated captive–wild conservation frameworks to ensure long-term demographic viability and genetic health of this ecologically critical species
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandeep Fellows https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
First report of natural infestation by Ostertagia ostertagi in water buffalo in Argentina
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) infestations are one of the main health problems in extensive production systems, causing clinical symptoms such as poor body condition, diarrhoea, anaemia, oedema and, in severe cases, mortality. In Argentina, the information available on helminth fauna in buffalo is scarce and limited to reports from slaughterhouses indicating the presence of Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. In September 2025, an outbreak of mortality (5,5%) associated with anaemia was investigated in a herd of approximately 450 buffalo between one and a half and two years old in Salta. The digestive tract of a necropsied animal was processed following standardised protocols, and Haemonchus spp. and Ostertagia ostertagi were identified. This finding constitutes the first formal record of O. ostertagi in buffalo in Argentina, probably acquired at the establishment of origin in Entre Ríos. The results suggest that buffalo may act as reservoirs of GINs of sanitary importance for cattle, highlighting the need to further investigate their epidemiology and productive relevance
Copyright (c) 2026 Leandro Hipolito Olmos, Agustin Avellaneda-Cáceres, Laura Sabrina Aguirre, Diego Martin Medina, Gabriela Virginia Sandoval, Jeremias Dhan Singh-Ruiz, Victor Humberto Suarez, Juan Francisco Micheloud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Correlation between imaging findings and histopathological characteristics of canine mammary gland adenocarcinomas: clinical case study
Canine mammary adenocarcinomas are the most common neoplasm, accounting for 50% of malignant cases. Although surgical excision is the main treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival, the prognosis is usually poor, with high metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. This study correlates findings obtained through imaging techniques with histopathological analysis in a clinical case of a 10-year-old female Siberian Husky. Radiographs ruled out distant metastasis. Breast ultrasound revealed heterogeneous masses with irregular and poorly defined edges, hypoechoic and hyperechoic areas, increased vascularization, microcalcifications, and anechoic areas due to necrosis. This ultrasound pattern was highly suggestive of malignancy, which coincided with histopathological analysis confirming the presence of a complex carcinoma, a malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by two cell populations. The ultrasound characteristics correlated directly with the histology, with the hypoechoic areas corresponding to the malignant epithelial component and necrosis, and the hyperechoic areas corresponding to the benign fibrous stroma. This allows us to conclude that ultrasound, an accessible routine tool, can provide a highly reliable presumptive diagnosis of malignant mammary adenocarcinoma. The described pattern would justify the recommendation of total surgical removal, with histological biopsy reserved for definitive confirmation and determination of tumor grade, which is crucial for prognosis and subsequent treatment. This correlation improves diagnosis and contributes to comparative oncology, which supports the use of canine models for the study of breast cancer
Copyright (c) 2026 Romina Rocio Ruiz Arellano, Ana Volcanes, Luis Paniagua, Franklin Moreno, Melisa Colmenares, Zulma Peña-Contreras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessment of cortisol in sheep wool during shearing: progress toward an animal welfare biomarker in La PampaDetermination of cortisol in sheep wool as a retrospective indicator of animal welfare during shearing in La Pampa
Animal welfare in sheep production systems is a key component for maintaining competitive and sustainable practices. Cortisol, a hormone linked to the stress response, is frequently measured in blood, a matrix that reflects acute situations. Wool, in contrast, allows recovery of information regarding exposure to stress over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether measuring cortisol in wool can act as a retrospective indicator of stress and to compare it with plasma levels. The study was conducted in two farms in northern La Pampa, where thirty-eight adult ewes were sampled. One month after shearing, wool samples were collected and sectioned into base, the portion that does not reflect the shearing event, and tip, which does incorporate its effect. Preliminary results from the 2023 shearing showed an average plasma cortisol value of 208.12 nmol/L. In wool, the mean of the base segment was 6.72 pg/mg, while the tip segment reached 13.45 pg/mg. The difference between them was significant (p < 0.001) and showed a large effect size (ES = 1.72). No correlation was observed between plasma cortisol and wool values (r = –0.14; p = 0.41). These findings indicate that fiber allows retrospective recovery of stress information associated with shearing and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for real production systems. Analysis of the 2024 samples will help consolidate these values and advance their standardization.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Bettina Gómez, Pedro Vicente Palermo, Pablo Remirez, Melisa Daniela Welch , Julio Enrique Torres, Gonzalo Darío Moreno, Lautaro Ávila , Néstor Hernán Guizzardi , Lucas Alfredo Insaurralde, José Luis Garat , Ludmila Lara , Eugenia Nuñez , María Guillermina Bilbao, Karen Daiana Morán , Michel Victor Hubert Hick , María Flavia Castillo , Diego González , Federico Fortuna , Juan José Jamardo , Bibiana Raquel Fabre , Eduardo Narciso Frank , Dante Alberto Cerutti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Production of probiotic lactobacilli biomass for in-feed supplementation to growing pigs and sows
In the design of probiotic formulations, preservation of microorganism’s viability is the most important parameter to evaluate at the time of administration. In this study, the impact of spray-drying on the preservation of probiotic strains isolated from pig feces: Limosilactobacillus reuteri CRL2222, Lactobacillus amylovorus CRL2225 and Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL2229 was studied, by using a previously formulated protectant mix. The three probiotic strains displayed high resistance to spray-drying operating conditions and subsequent storage, showing survivability’s between 92.9 and 94.7%; probiotic powders exhibited low water activity (aw:0.2) and moisture content ranging from 3.3±0.16 and 3.8±0.46. The used trehalose/maltodextrin/soy protein/sodium glutamate/calcium phosphate protectant mix showed high thermal protection during the process, allowing high final viability. When probiotic functionality of the strains was evaluated, hydrophobic character was maintained. Thus, it may be highlight that both viability and functionality of probiotics was preserved after spray-drying, characteristics that are strain-specific.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jose David Uezen, María Hortencia Miranda, Mariano Obregozo, Maria Cecilia Aristimuño Ficoseco, María Elena Fátima Nader Macías, Graciela Margarita Vignolo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Retrospective assessment of animal welfare in cashmere-wearing goats by determining fiber cortisol
Hair cortisol is useful as a biomarker for assessing stress, as the fiber can accumulate it through uptake into hair follicle cells from the blood and through local production. Goats with a double-coated fleece have coarse fibers that grow in summer–autumn and partially and asynchronously shed in spring; and fine fibers that grow until April–May, shed between June–September, and molt visibly in spring. Its collection by combing is repetitive, difficult to optimize, and questioned from an animal welfare standpoint. Shearing includes the entire fleece and exposes the animal to the environment. The aim was to evaluate the usefulness of cortisol measurement in fiber as a retrospective indicator of animal stress, and to compare the levels obtained from the average post-shearing population with those from non-invasive handling. Creole goats under semi-extensive conditions in La Pampa were shorn in mid-November, sampled by trichotomy in February of the following year, and in a subsequent cycle in May. Fiber cortisol was determined by an automated method by comparing the base and tip of the fiber with the post-shearing population data. Cortisol levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at the base of the fiber compared to the post-shearing mean, while no differences were found at the tip. This suggests that the stage following shearing involved higher stress compared to a later stage with lower physiological load. This difference supports the use of alternative fiber collection methods in a non-invasive way, promoting animal welfare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dante Alberto Cerutti, Pedro Vicente Palermo, María Flavia Castillo, Alejandro Prieto, Eduardo Narciso Frank, Melina Castillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Search for E. coli O157 and non-O157 in sausages and blood sausages produced and/or marketed in the Northwest of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
A search was conducted for toxigenic E. coli O157 and non-O157 strains present in samples of sausage and blood sausage produced and/or sold in the city of Junín, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The outlets where these products were sold in the city were identified, and representative samples of these products sold in different neighborhoods were taken. The samples were analyzed using the selective differential enrichment and isolation methodology proposed in USDA/FSIS: 2010. In the isolated strains, the presence of the stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 genes corresponding to the toxins produced by STEC strains and the gene exclusive to serogroup O157, respectively, was confirmed by PCR. E. coli strains with at least one of the investigated genes were detected in 17 of the 25 fresh sausages samples analyzed (65%). In the case of blood sausage samples, 5 of the 25 samples studied (20%) had E coli strains with at least one of the aforementioned genes
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo José García, Daniela Flavia Olivera, Fernanda Josefina Coll Cárdenas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Microbiological risk control in the production of ready-to-eat vegetables
To ensure the safety of the salads served in the University Cafeteria menus, the microbiological quality of the raw materials was studied. Two hundred samples (80 lettuce, 40 tomato, 40 cabbage, and 40 carrot) were analyzed following the official methodology (Mesophilic Aerobic Count, MPN/g of Escherichia coli, detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli STEC O157, E. coli STEC non-O157, and Shigella spp.). Three strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated (one from cabbage and two from lettuce), two of L. seeligeri, five of L. welshimeri, and one strain of L. ivanovii. One strain of Salmonella and one strain of Shigella flexneri, both from lettuce. Two strains of E. coli O157 strains were isolated from cabbage, one stx-1 positive, and the other stx-2 positive. Three non-O157 STEC were isolated: a stx-2 positive O45 strain from carrots, and stx-1 and stx-2 positive O145 strain from carrots, and an stx-2 positive serotype O45 strain from lettuce. Mesophilic counts ranged from 105 to 108 CFU/g for cabbage and carrots, 102 to 107 CFU/g for tomatoes, and from 103 to 107 CFU/g for lettuce. E. coli counts exceeded the permissible limits in 14 samples. These data highlight the need for control upon receipt of raw materials, planning a sanitation strategy, and subsequent safety control
Copyright (c) 2025 Karina Edith Pellicer, Julio Alberto Copes, Cecilia Belén Schiaffino , Sofía Belén Vallejos, Ayelén Amelia Hugo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Canine Urethral Obstruction Secondary to the Migration of an Air Rifle Projectile. A Case Report
Urinary obstruction in canines, typically associated with urolithiasis, can have unusual etiologies, such as the migration of foreign bodies. We present the case of a castrated male canine with recurrent urethral obstruction. Plain and contrast radiographic studies revealed the presence of an intraurethral projectile. Successful retrograde hydropropulsion was performed, followed by surgical removal of the foreign body. It is presumed that the delayed migration of the projectile was due to the combination of body movements and progressive tissue erosion, allowing its displacement to the urethra. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical etiologies in cases of recurrent urinary obstruction and emphasizes the diagnostic value of imaging. Retrograde hydropropulsion proved to be an effective tool in the initial resolution of the condition. The similarity to cases described in human medicine reinforces the need to include the migration of foreign bodies as a differential diagnosis in patients with urinary obstruction, contributing to the knowledge of infrequent causes in veterinary medicine.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Manuel Guevara, Juan Osvaldo Gondell, Juan Ramón JGondell, Agustín Inchasuti, Gastón Finucci Curi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Liver integrity and functionality in a population of goat livestock guardian dogs living in the dry forest of southern Ecuador
In the seasonal dry forest ecosystem of southern Ecuador, goat breed is extensively carried out and protected by native dogs known as "Ganachos," whose primary function is to guard the livestock from potential wild predators. Evaluating their liver health is essential to ensure the well-being of these dogs raised under specific conditions. The study included 60 dogs (21 ♀, 39 ♂), considering in this analysis 2 enzymes associated with liver integrity: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and 8 analytes related to liver funtion: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), Albumin, Total proteins (TP), Urea, Cholesterol, Bilirubin and Glucose. Taking as independent variables sex, age (puppies, adults and geriatric), size only in adults and geriatric (small: <40 cm, medium: 41-50 cm and large: >51 cm) and habitat location (low: 0-500 masl, medium: 500-1000 masl and high: >1000 masl). All parameters were within the reference ranges except bilirubin, whose value was above the same, enzymes such as GGT, ALP, Urea and Bilirubin showed high variability and when analyzing the variables considered in the study, a significant statistical difference was determined in age (albumin, PT and cholesterol) and in habitat location (ALT and bilirubin). In conclusion, the poor handling and feeding conditions of these animals negatively affect their liver integrity. Factors such as low-protein diets, dehydration, prolonged fasting, liver damage, and cholestasis associated with hemoparasites present in the ecosystem contribute to the deterioration of their health, well-being, and life expectancy
Copyright (c) 2025 Edgar Aguirre, Ginger Aragundi, Galo Pérez, Bedia Banegas, Melania uchuari, Ramiro Armijos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The c-MYC gene in canines: A key regulator in tumor pathogenesis and a potential therapeutic target
The c-MYC oncogene is emerging as a key regulator in the pathogenesis of canine tumors and is established as a priority therapeutic target. This gene is vital for cellular homeostasis, being involved in processes such as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Its deregulation, frequently due to gene amplification or chromosomal rearrangements, has been associated with various canine neoplasias: transmissible venereal tumor TVT, mammary tumors, osteosarcomas, and prostate and ocular carcinomas. In the case of TVT, the insertion of LINE-1 elements in c-MYC highlights it as a relevant diagnostic marker. Abnormal c-MYC expression is associated with aggressiveness and rapid tumor progression, consolidating its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Although direct c-MYC inhibition presents technical challenges, current strategies seek to modulate its activity by inhibiting upstream signaling pathways or modifying its protein interactions. These advances could significantly improve the treatment of canine neoplasia. In comparative oncology, canine models are valuable for studying human tumor biology due to pathological similarities and spontaneous tumors. Analysis of c-MYC offers a platform for investigating shared oncogenic mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic interventions before their application in human medicine. Thus, the study of c-MYC is crucial in cancer research in both veterinary and human medicine
Copyright (c) 2025 Arnulfo Villanueva Castillo, Ruby Sandy Moreno Mejía, Carlos Gerardo Castillo Sosa , Cesar Feliciano Pastelín Rojas , Hermilo Lucio Castillo, Fatima Matamoros González , Alexis Cruz Espinosa , Arturo Órnelas Luna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria spp, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella spp on food contact surfaces
A microbiological study was conducted on surfaces used in the production of ready-to-eat foods in high-production dining halls. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity to produce and develop biofilms on surfaces used daily (stainless steel, high-density, high-molecular-weight polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene) incubated at different temperatures (3, 10, and 25°C). The following steps were performed: a) Isolation and identification of strains (pathogenic, opportunistic pathogen, and indicator); b) in vitro biofilm production; c) evaluation of development time; and d) finally, a determination of whether there were significant differences between the different strains. The five strains used (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria spp., Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, and Salmonella spp.) produced biofilms on all surfaces and at all incubation temperatures. At 3°C, ​​Listeria spp and P. aeruginosa showed no statistically significant differences (p<0.05). For E. coli, E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp, significant differences were observed for E. coli p<0.05. At 10°C the five strains showed significant differences in development p<0.001. At 25°C all strains showed significant differences p<0.001. In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that the absence or failure in the cleaning procedure generates a high risk of producing Foodborne Illnesses in consumers
Copyright (c) 2025 Julio Alberto Copes, Karina Edith Pellicer , Cecilia Belén Schiaffino, Victoria Brusa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Paraprostatic cysts and secondary perineal hernia in an 8-year-old dog. Diagnosis and medical-surgical management
This report presents the case of a young adult male canine, not neutered, exhibiting clinical signs consistent with a perineal hernia (tenesmus, constipation, deformity of the perineum, etc.). The patient underwent abdominal ultrasonography, which revealed large cystic structures associated with the prostate gland, causing displacement of abdominal organs. Prior to surgical intervention, a tomographic evaluation was performed to delineate the affected structures with greater precision. During the surgical procedure, the cystic lesions were addressed, with omentalization of the residual tissue. Additionally, colopexy and cystopexy were performed without the need for pelvic diaphragm repair. A negative culture was obtained, and histopathology was consistent with a cystic structure. The recovery was uneventful up to the date of this report, exceeding 12 months. This report aims to highlight the importance of preoperative imaging modalities, their complementary role, and the relevance of surgical techniques such as prostatic omentalization, combined with colopexy and cystopexy, for a comprehensive and effective management of such cases
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Manuel Guevara, Gastón Finucci Curi, Leonardo Darío Madriaga , Aldana Laura Tommei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Forage suitability on native and introduced estival grasses during the year of implantation in the central semi-arid region
The objective of this study was to evaluate the aboveground biomass production and nutritional quality of native and introduced summer forage species used in the semiarid Pampas region for improving forage supply and restoring degraded grasslands. The native summer grasses evaluated were two populations of Leptochloa crinita and one of Pappophorum caespitosum. The introduced grasses were: Eragrostis curvula, Panicum coloratum, Eragrostis superba, Tetrachne dregei, and Digitaria eriantha. The experimental design followed a completely randomized block design with three replicates, using 1.5 m² plots per species, each containing 12 plants spaced 50 cm apart. Differences between treatments were assessed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test for mean comparison (p<0.05). Biomass and nutritional quality were assessed in autumn and spring. Introduced species showed higher biomass production during both seasons (autumn and spring) in the first year. Similarly, forage quality was higher in the introduced species, with P. coloratum standing out in particular. Native species, P. caespitosum and L. crinita, generally had higher fiber content and lower digestibility, although their protein content was high in spring. Understanding the biomass production and quality of native species compared to introduced ones is crucial for making informed decisions regarding the selection and use of forage resources in the central semiarid region of Argentina.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo Daniel Ernst, María de los Ángeles Ruiz, Martin Ezequiel Gonzalez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminant raised in the Northwestern of Argentina
The aim of this study was to describe the etiology and abundance of goat and sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in different ecological regions of Northwest of Argentina (ANW). GIN was recovered from samples collected from necropsies carried out for different diagnostic cases (n= 117) from the following regions: chaqueña semi-arid, temperate valleys and humid forest, arid canyon and valleys and Puna of the provinces of Salta, Jujuy and Santiago del Estero. From abomasum and intestines samples GIN were recovered and counted. GIN species count differences were processed by non-parametric variance analysis and chi square. Recovered NGI and their respective prevalences were Haemonchus contortus (98,3%), Teladorsagia circumcincta (53,0%), Trichostrongylus axei (38,5%) Trichostrongylus colubriformis (85,5%), Trichuris spp. (41,9%), Oesophagostomum spp. (17,1%), Nematodirus spathiger (13,7%), Strongyloides papillosus (5,5%) and Cooperia curticei (1,1%). Burdens of H. contortus, T. colubriformis and total NGI recovered from the temperate valleys and humid forest ecoregions were higher (p<0.0001) than those recovered in the rest of the ecoregions. H. contortus, T. colubriformis and total NGI burdens recovered during summer and autumn were higher (p<0.0001) than those recovered from animals necropsied in winter and spring. It is concluded that H. contortus and T. colubriformis are the species of greatest productive importance for goats and sheep in ANW, with the temperate valleys and humid forest and summer-autumn period being the most favorable for NGI involving a greater risk of productive losses
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Humberto Suarez, Leandro Hipólito Olmos, Luis Adrián Coque Caro, Juan Pablo Díaz, Gabriela Marcela Martínez, Juan Francisco Micheloud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Diseño de un protocolo para la medición del Bienestar Animal en caprinos lecheros
El propósito del presente estudio, fue diseñar un protocolo para evaluar la posibilidad de ejecución de los criterios de bienestar animal propuestos para la confección de un protocolo que califique el bienestar de los caprinos en las explotaciones lecheras. Los registros se realizaron en dos establecimientos de la provincia de Salta, dedicados a la producción de leche de cabra, ubicados uno bajo manejo extensivo (E) y ordeñe manual en la región de valles y quebradas áridas y el otro con manejo semiextensivo (SE) y ordeñe mecánico en la región de valles templados. La evaluación estuvo dividida en dos partes, una basada en la observación de las instalaciones, manejo, comportamiento de los animales y en la relación humano-animal y la segunda en la inspección individual de un número representativo de cabras en producción, registrando la prevalencia en la condición corporal, grado de limpieza, aspectos sanitarios y el estado de las pezuñas y de descorne. Cada parámetro recibió una puntuación, donde se enfatizó aquellos parámetros productivos e índices animales observados directamente por los evaluadores por sobre los registrados a través del relato del productor. Los puntajes otorgados a los indicadores propuestos demostraron ser eficientes en medir lo que experimentan las cabras y confiables ya que califican mayormente lo que el observador ve directamente y viables ya que el tiempo de realización menor a 2 horas y los costos fueron bajos. Sin embargo, necesitan ser validados en un número de explotaciones caprinas más numeroso, con características diferentes y durante épocas climáticas más adversas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Humberto Suarez, Gabriela Martinez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of the presence of Eimeria spp in peripartum females on the parasitic infection rate of alpaca pups (Vicugna pacos)
The aim was set to determine the effect of the presence of Eimeria spp. in peripartum females on the parasitic infection rate in alpaca babies. The study was conducted at the Centro de Investigación de Camélidos Sud Americanos "La Raya" in Marangani, Cusco, Peru. The entirety of 168 alpaca samples were collected. These were divided into 5 groups: 1) n=30 prepartum females, 2) n=20 newly postpartum females, 3) n=30 mothers at 15-21 days postpartum, 4) n=30 mothers at 30-60 days postpartum, 5) n=30 babies from 15 to 21 days, and 6) n=28 babies from 30 to 60 days old. Coproparasitological test of flotation concentration and the modified McMaster technique were performed in the Veterinary Medicine Parasitology Laboratory of UNSAACSicuani. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. As results, E. punoensis is identified as the predominant species in peripartum females, being present in up to 20% of newly postpartum alpacas. The number of females infected with Eimeria spp. remains stable during pre- and postpartum periods, showing no significant differences between peripartum female groups (p≥0.05). In contrast, 57.14% and 25% of the babies were infected with E. lamae and E. macusaniensis, respectively. Alpaca babies aged 30 to 60 days have been the most affected with pathogenic Eimeria (71.47%) in contrast to their mothers (p<0.05). It was concluded, that there was no clear relationship between the Eimeria species infecting mothers and their babies. The immunoperipartum effect in female alpacas against Eimeria spp. infection could not be demonstrated either.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Sánchez Herencia, Wendy Yurema Arapa Cardenas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The wildlife of the Ixodes af inis (Acari: Ixodidae) complex and its adaptation to rural areas of Mexico
Ixodes affinis is a tick that belongs to a group that includes four species which are distributed from northern Argentina to Canada. A single species, Ixodes keieransi, has been reported in six states of Mexico republic, feeding on mammals and birds, mainly of wild habits. This species of tick has been incriminated as a potential vector of Borreli burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, between wild and domestic animals. Despite being reported mainly in wild animals; it can parasitize domestic animals such as dogs when they are taken to the jungle or forests for hunting or recreational activities. This document shows the morphological description of the tick, hosts, life cycle, ecology, distribution, and adaptation of this wild species into rural areas of Mexico.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impacto productivo y económico de los eventos de mastitis en un sistema de ordeñe voluntario en Argentina
The aim of this study was to estimate the productive impact in the days before and after the onset of a mastitis event (ME), the electrical conductivity (EC) in the infected quarter during the event, and the economic cost it generates in a voluntary milking system (VMS) in Argentina. Data from 20 healthy cows and 20 cows that experienced ME (GM) on a VMS farm (Rafaela, Santa Fe) were used. Individual milk production (daily, per milking, and per quarter) and EC per quarter were evaluated at 10, -5, 0, 5, and 10 days from the onset of each ME. Milk production over a closed 305-day lactation period, the number of daily milkings, and the direct economic losses from ME were analyzed, considering the cost of treatments and milk loss. A total of 30 MEs were recorded. Production was lower in GM on days 0 and 5 (p< 0.05). Infected quarters showed lower production (p< 0.02) and higher EC (p< 0.01) in GM on all days. The production and EC of non-infected quarters, the number of daily milkings, and milk production over the closed lactation period were similar between groups (p> 0.05). Direct economic losses were approximately USD 116 per ME. Further adjustments in the mastitis detection index are required to better anticipate the diagnosis of MEs in VMS, thereby improving system efficiency and profitability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pablo Esteban Viretto, Gabriela Marcela Martínez, Georgina Frossasco, Víctor Humberto Súarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Monitoreo del crecimiento mensual de largo de mecha en ovinos Texel: información preliminar para el desarrollo de un indicador del bienestar animal en la provincia de La Pampa
This study focuses on the assessment of monthly sheep wool growth, as a preliminary step to using wool cortisol concentration as a stress indicator. This method, adapted from human techniques, can provide a retrospective record of stressful events in animals, promoting animal welfare practices in sheep production. The research involved 46 Texel sheep, individually identified with electronic tags and tattoos, located in the province of La Pampa. For eight months, wool growth was recorded using a Pie Rtw stainless steel ruler and an electronic tag reader for animal identification. The data collected show an average growth of 1.21 cm per month, with variability attributed to individual and environmental factors. Data analysis, based on a regression model, indicated a significant fit with an R² value of 81%, confirming the consistency of the linear model. Preliminary results suggest that regular measurements of wool growth can be used to monitor animal welfare. The correlation between fibre growth and potential stressful events provides a basis for future research looking to implement wool cortisol measurement as a biomarker of stress in sheep. This approach not only has significant implications for animal welfare, but also supports sustainable practices in wool production, aligning with increasing consumer demands for ethical and high-quality products
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Bettina Gómez, Melina Castillo, Dante Alberto Cerutti, Pedro Vicente Palermo, Melisa Daniela Welch, Julio Enrique Torres, Gonzalo Darío Moreno, Lautaro Avila, Lucas Alfredo Insaurralde, Néstor Hernán Guizzardi , Jose Luis Garat, Francisco Belaustegui, Maria Flavia Castillo, Michel Víctor Huber Hick, Eduardo Narciso Frank, Bibiana Raquel Fabre, Diego Javier González, Federico Fortuna, Juan José Jamardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Parámetros cardiológicos en caninos domésticos sanos asociados a sexo, edad y talla
The objective was to describe cardiological parameters in healthy canines and associate them with constitutive variables (age, sex and size). 178 animals were selected, age range 6.5 ±3.7 years, 81 males and 97 females, average weight 19.8 kg ±11.3 and average body condition 2.9 ±0.3. The sample was divided into 12 groups according to age (< 8 and > 8 years), sex (males and females) and size (< 12 kg, between 12 kg and 25 kg and > 25 kg). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), electrocardiographic, radiological and echocardiographic evaluation were determined in each canine. PAS had a mean of 146 mmHg ±20 mmHg, with no differences associated with sex/age/height. There were differences, for height, in P wave time and R deflection amplitude, the group < 12 kg presented 0.04 sec and 1.9 mv, between 12-25 kg 0.046 sec and 2.4 mv and > 25 kg 0.052 sec and 3.0 mv, respectively. The vertebral heart score (VHS) was 9.7 ±0.6, minimum 8.0 and maximum 11.2. The > 25 kg group showed higher VHS than other groups, with average values ​​greater than 10. The shortening, thickening and ejection fraction were 33% ±6%, 31% ±8% and 56% ±8%, respectively. No differences were evident in association with sex/age/height. The separation distance from point E to the septum had a maximum value of 7.1 mm; with gradual increase in relation to weight. The aorta/left atrium ratio had a mean of 1.06 ±0.12, with a maximum value of 1.26, showing no differences in relation to sex/age/height.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alberto Ramón Meder, María Carolina Miguel, Fernando Javier Rio, Natalia Cazaux, Pablo Guillermo Vaquero, Cintia Calvo, Marisa Etel Gimenez, Lourdes Viqueira Sánchez, Mariela Ayelen Mondino, Poblete Gabriela, Paula Lezcano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of urinary NGAL levels in olivaryhysterectomized bitches under inhaled anesthesia: preliminary results
Los anestésicos inhalatorios inducen hipotensión, hipoxia e hipotermia. La hipotensión intraoperatoria puede causar injuria isquémica y lesión renal concomitante. Los biomarcadores renales, urea y creatinina, no presentan la sensibilidad suficiente para detectar daño renal agudo en caninos. El desarrollo de IRA parece reflejarse por una pronunciada elevación de lalipocalina asocia asa de neutrófilos (NGAL)
Copyright (c) 2025 MC Miguel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of a device (D-URETH) for video-assisted urethral catheterization in female canines and felines
El sondaje uretral es una maniobra utilizada en diversas situaciones clínicas. En particular, durante la anestesia general permite evaluar el débito urinario como indicador de la funcionalidad renal y, al mismo tiempo, la posibilidad de controlar el vaciamiento vesical para mantener a los pacientes más confortables y limpios durante las recuperaciones anestésicas (Pardo y col. 2024). A pesar de estos beneficios, la ejecución de la maniobra en hembras es poco frecuente ya que suele ser dificultosa y traumática, más aún en razas pequeñas y en gatas. El desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos de bajo costo con videocámaras pequeñas han abierto la posibilidad de aplicar su uso en el ámbito veterinario, aunque para ello se requiere de adaptaciones específicas
Copyright (c) 2025 P Nejamkin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparison of the efficacy and physiological effect between epidural anesthesia and quadratus lumborum block with 1% lidocaine in healthy bitches undergoing olivaryhysterectomy.
La ovariohisterectomía (OVH) es una cirugía de frecuente presentación en la práctica clínica de pequeños animales. Por este motivo, diversas estrategias analgésicas se han estudiado para poder controlar el fuerte estímulo nociceptivo y dolor posquirúrgico que conlleva. La anestesia epidural (EPI) y el bloqueo del cuadrado lumbar (QLB) han demostrado ser alternativas eficaces para este procedimiento (Nejamkin et al. 2020 y Viscasillas et al. 2024). Sin embargo, para nuestro conocimiento, estas técnicas no han sido comparadas para evaluar posibles diferencias en la eficacia y el impacto fisiológico.
Use of Propofol in a long-term field treatment protocol in an equine during an amputation
La Anestesia Intravenosa Total (TIVA) es una técnica anestésica muy utilizada a campo en la medicina equina (Marntell, Nyman, Funkquist, 2006). Esta técnica nos permite realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos lejos de centros especializados (Staffieri y Driessen 2007), lo que resulta especialmente útil en condiciones de campo (Álvarez y Corse 2022).En este contexto, dentro de las drogas disponibles, el propofol ha surgido como un agente anestésico intravenoso relevante debido a su acción rápida y a su capacidad para redistribuirse y eliminarse rápidamente del organismo (Betschart - Wolfensberger, Kalchofner, NEGES, Kästner y Fürst 2005). Esta propiedad farmacocinética con la que cuenta el propofol facilita cambios rápidos en la profundidad anestésica mediante su titulación, lo que lo convierte en una alternativa valiosa para reducir las cantidades necesarias de otros agentes como la ketamina en las TIVAs prolongadas. Su efectividad ha sido reportada como variable en equinos y una droga costosa por los volúmenes a administrar y con riesgos respecto de su impacto a nivel respiratorio por el riesgo de apneas
Copyright (c) 2025 RP Alvarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of the renal vasculature with Doppler ultrasonography in dogs anesthetized with 2.3% and 3% sevoflurane
La evaluación de la vasculatura renal es crucial para comprender la función renal en condiciones normales y patológicas. El uso de la ultrasonografía bidimensional combinada con Doppler es una técnica que ofrece información sobre el flujo sanguíneo renal y la resistencia vascular, siendo relevante para la práctica clínica veterinaria
Copyright (c) 2025 MF Sánchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0